Mutualism
Proposes reciprocal exchange among independent producers and associations while opposing monopolistic privilege and coercive hierarchy. It emphasizes possession, cooperation, and decentralized arrangements.
Foundational doctrines
- Reciprocity
- Producer association
- Anti-monopoly
- Decentralized exchange
Disagreement and variation
Mutualists differ over property, credit, and markets; other socialists question whether decentralized exchange can prevent unequal economic power. Proudhonian and later mutualists differ on property, credit, federation, and the role of competitive markets.
Numerical positions in the interactive model are editorial reference estimates, not scientifically validated measurements.