Social Democracy
Uses democratic government, collective bargaining, and universal services to reduce insecurity and inequality while retaining a predominantly privately owned market economy.
Foundational doctrines
- Universal public services
- Collective bargaining
- Democratic reform
- Regulated private ownership
Disagreement and variation
Democratic socialists question whether regulation can sufficiently democratize power while investment and production remain largely privately controlled. Historical social democracy sometimes sought socialism; this profile models its modern welfare-state strand.
Numerical positions in the interactive model are editorial reference estimates, not scientifically validated measurements.