Cosmopolitanism
Extends equal moral concern beyond national membership. It asks what people owe strangers abroad and what international institutions, migration rules, or economic arrangements those duties require.
Foundational doctrines
- Global moral concern
- Equal human standing
- Cross-border obligations
- International cooperation
Disagreement and variation
Moral concern for everyone does not settle whether authority should remain national, become international, or take some intermediate form. Moral cosmopolitanism need not entail world government; institutional and economic proposals remain diverse.
Numerical positions in the interactive model are editorial reference estimates, not scientifically validated measurements.