National · 18th–19th centuries onward

Cultural Nationalism

Connects political self-government with preserving a shared language, history, or cultural inheritance. Institutions may support cultural transmission as a public objective.

Foundational doctrines

Disagreement and variation

Schools disagree over minority rights and membership; the central challenge is preserving a culture without excluding people who do not share it. May coexist with democratic or exclusionary politics; neither authoritarianism nor economic policy follows automatically.

Source and historical context

Numerical positions in the interactive model are editorial reference estimates, not scientifically validated measurements.

Related traditions

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