National · 18th century onward

Civic Nationalism

Defines national membership through citizenship and shared political institutions rather than common ancestry. It links national solidarity with self-government and equal civic standing.

Foundational doctrines

Disagreement and variation

Civic and cultural boundaries often overlap in practice; critics question how inclusive citizenship remains when belonging depends on contested national expectations. Civic and cultural understandings often overlap in practice; economic policy is not specified.

Source and historical context

Numerical positions in the interactive model are editorial reference estimates, not scientifically validated measurements.

Related traditions

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